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ĐẠI HỌC KINH TẾ TP.HCM – UNIVERSITY OF ECONOMICS
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ĐẠI HỌC KINH TẾ TP.HCM – UNIVERSITY OF ECONOMICS
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YÊU CẦU THI ĐẦU VÀO MDE: MÔN KINH TẾ HỌC
Các ứng viên dự tuyển chương trình Cao học Việt Nam – Hà Lan về Kinh tế Phát triển bắt buộc phải dự thi kiểm tra môn Kinh tế học. Nội dung ôn tập chủ yếu sẽ bao gồm các khái niệm rất căn bản trong cuốn Economics của tác giả David Begg. Những kiến thức mang tính khái niệm trong cuốn sách này hầu hết đã được trang bị ở hai năm đầu tiên của bậc cử nhân của sinh viên các ngành kinh tế, quản trị, ngoại thương, tài chính, và ngân hàng ở các trường đại học khối kinh tế trong cả nước. Việc thi đầu vào môn Kinh tế học đã được duy trì từ khoá 1 đến khoá 14 của chương trình Cao học Việt Nam Hà Lan và sẽ được tiếp tục duy trì cho khoá 15 tuyển sinh vào năm 2008.
MỤC TIÊU ÔN TẬP
Những khái niệm kinh tế học căn bản cần thiết cho kỳ thi tuyển chỉ bao gồm các khái niệm kinh tế vi mô và những khái niệm kinh tế vĩ mô ở bậc đại học. Ứng viên sẽ tham dự một khóa ôn tập ngắn hạn được tổ chức ngoài giờ hành chính về kinh tế học, thời gian dự kiến là 30 tiết (tổng cộng 10 buổi chỉ tính riêng cho môn học này). Mục đích của khoá ôn tập này cụ thể là:
Tóm tắt các nội dung chủ yếu: chương trình ôn tập sẽ giới hạn các chủ đề cần thiết nhằm tiết kiệm thời gian của các ứng viên tham gia dự tuyển.
Tạo bước đệm ôn lại các thuật ngữ bằng tiếng Anh để ứng viên dễ dàng theo học chương trình Cao học được thực hiện hoàn toàn bằng tiếng Anh.
Tạo bước chuyển tiếp để các ứng viên dễ dàng tiếp cận các kiến thức chuyên sâu về kinh tế học và những môn học chuyên sâu khác như tài chính công ty, tài chính quốc tế, thẩm định dự án… của giai đoạn chính khoá chương trình cao học Việt Nam – Hà Lan.
NỘI DUNG ÔN TẬP
Các ứng viên sẽ liên hệ với chương trình MDE tại Tp.HCM để mua sách giáo khoa ôn tập. Các nội dung ôn tập không bao gồm toàn bộ trong cuốn sách mà trọng tâm bao gồm các chương cụ thể dưới đây:
Economics and the Economy
Tools of Economics Analysis
Demand, Supply, and the Market
Government and the Mix Economy
The effect of Price and Income on Demand Quantities
Theory of Consumer Choice
Business Organization and Behaviour
Costs and Production
Market Structures
Introduction to Macroeconomics
The Determination of National Income
Fiscal Policy
Monetary Policy
International Trade and Commercial Policy
NỘI DUNG CHÍNH VÀ CÁCH THỨC ÔN TẬP
Ứng viên nên tập trung kiểm tra lại việc hiểu các khái niệm nêu ở các phần cuối của mỗi chương trong text book, phần này được gọi là Key Terms.
Chapter 1: Economics and the Economy
Scarcity
Income distribution
Production possibility frontier
Opportunity cost
Efficiency
Diminishing returns
Trade-off
The free market
The command economy
The mixed economy
Microeconomics and macroeconomics
Gross domestic product
Inflation
Unemployment rate
Chapter 2: the Tools of Economics Analysis
Model
Data
Time series data
Cross-section data
Index numbers
Retail price index (RPI)
Inflation rate
Nominal and real variables
Real or relative prices
Current and constant prices
Purchasing power of money
Percentage change
Growth rate
Function
Scatter diagram
Chapter 3: Demand, supply, and the Market
Demand and supply
Quantity demanded and quantity supplied
Movement along the demand curve or supply curve
Equilibrium price and quantity
Excess demand (shortage) and excess supply (surplus)
Normal and inferior goods
Complements and substitutes
Price ceilings and price floors
Free market
Chapter 4: Government in the Mixed Economy
Transfer payment
Business cycle
Market failure
Public and private goods
Free riders
Externalities
Monopoly
Chapter 5: The Effect of Price and Income on Demand Quantities
Price elasticity of demand
Cross price elasticity of demand
Income elasticity of demand
Budget shares
Luxuries and necessities
Normal and inferior goods
Elastics, inelastic, and unit-elastic demand
Substitutes and complements
Real prices and real incomes
Chapter 6: The Theory of Consumer Choice
Consumer choice
Consumption bundle
Budget line
Tastes
Utility maximization
Indifference curves
Diminishing marginal rate of substitution
Income effect
Substitution effect
Market demand curve
Complement
Substitute
Transfers in kind
Chapter 7: Bussiness Organization and Behaviour
Sole trader
Partnership
Company
Shareholder
Limited liability
Dividends
Capital gains
Retained earnings
Depreciation
Balance sheet
Income statement
Cash flow
Opportunity costs
Total costs
Total revenue
Marginal cost
Marginal revenue
Chapter 8: Costs and Production
Inputs and outputs
Technology
Production function
Long run
Short run
Long-run total cost curve
Long-run marginal cost (LMC) curve
Long-run average cost (LAC) curve
Returns to scale
Economies of scale
Diseconomies of scale
Constant returns to scale
Fixed factors
Variable factors
Choice of production technique
Factor intensity
Technical efficieny
Short-run fixed costs (AFC)
Chapter 9: Market Structure
Market structure
Perfect competition
Shutdown price
Entry and exit
Marginal firm
Law of One Price
Monopoly
Monopoly power
Social cost of monopoly
Natural monopoly
Discriminating monopoly
Technical change through R & D
Imperfect competition
Natural monopoly
Oligopoly
Monopolistic competition
Collusion
Cartel
Tangency equilibrium
Product differentiation
Chapter 10: Introduction to Macroeconomics
Macroeconomics
Inflation, unemployment, and economic growth
Circular flow of payments
National income accounting
GDP at market prices and at factor cost
Value added
Final and intermediate goods
Closed and open economy
Exports, imports, and net exports
Direct and indirect taxes
Government spending on goods and services
Transfer payments
Chapter 11: The Determination of National Income
Potential output
Consumption function
Autonomous consumption
Marginal propensity to consume (MPC)
Autonomous investment demand
Aggregate demand
Aggregate demand schedule
Savings function
Marginal propensity to save (MPS)
Multiplier
Animal spirits
Paradox of thrift
Equilibrium aggregate output
Chapter 12: Aggregate Demand - Fiscal Policy
Fiscal policy
Stabilization policy
Budget deficit and surplus
National debt
Government spending and net taxes
Balanced budget multiplier
Full-employment budget
Inflation-adjusted budget
Automatic stabilizers
Trade balance
Net exports
Chapter 13: Money and Monetary Policy
Money
Medium of exchange
Unit of account
Liquidity
Financial intermediary
Fractional reserve banking
Monetary base
Money multiplier
Central bank
Lender of last resort
Required reserve ratio
Discount rate
Open market operations
Money multiplier
Money market equilibrium
Liquid assets ratio
Transmission mechanism
Crowding out
Mix of fiscal and monetary policy
Chapter 14: International Trade
Comparative advantage
Absolute advantage
Import tariff
Export subsidy
Dumping
Import quotas
Non-tariff barriers
Protection
Việc tập trung kiểm tra lại các khái niệm nêu ở phần “Key terms” sẽ giúp cho ứng viên tiết kiệm thời gian, và những khái niệm này sẽ giúp chúng ta thuận lợi hơn trong quá trình chính khoá của chương trình cao học được giảng dạy chuyên bằng tiếng Anh.
CÁCH THỨC KIỂM TRA
Ứng viên chủ yếu trả lời theo kiểu trắc nghiệm, hàng năm trong kỳ thi tuyển sẽ có khoảng 40 câu trắc nghiệm kiểm tra kiến thức của các ứng viên ở phần “Key terms” ở các nội dung đã nêu.
Ứng viên sẽ trả lời tóm tắt những câu hỏi mở liên quan đến kinh tế Việt Nam trong thời gian gần nhất. Những chủ đề này trong năm 2008 có thể bao gồm: Oil shocks, Inflation, State Owned Enterprises, Stock Market in Vietnam, Foreign Direct Investment in Vietnam, WTO . . . Các ứng viên sẽ được cung cấp những tư liệu liên quan đến các chủ đề “nóng” của nền kinh tế liên quan đến câu hỏi mở đã nêu để có thời gian chuẩn bị trước khi dự thi. Tuy nhiên câu hỏi mở liên quan đến chủ đề sẽ hoàn toàn được giữ kín cho đến lúc thi tuyển chính thức môn học Economics.
ĐỀ THI NĂM CÁC NĂM TRƯỚC
Ứng viên có thể liên hệ địa chỉ của chướng trình cao học Việt Nam – Hà Lan để mua tài liệu ôn tập và các đề thi của nhiều khoá trước. Sau đây, đề thi của khoá gần nhất sẽ kèm theo để tham khảo trực tiếp qua web.
Đề thi mẫu khoá 2007
VIETNAMESE-NETHERLANDS MASTER PROGRAMME
IN DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS
UNIVERSITY OF ECONOMICS HO CHI MINH CITY
ENTRANCE EXAMINATIONS in ECONOMICS 2007
Candidate’name:_______________________________________________
Candidate’number:______________________________________________
Instructions:
1. You MUST write both your name and number on this sheet.
2. You have separate question and answer sheets. You MUST hand in both at the end of the exam.
3. Make sure that you clearly circle only the correct answer to the multiple-choice questions. Questions that have more than one answer circled will be considered incorrect.
4. Included in the answer sheet are 4 essay questions that must be answered in the space provided.
SECTION ONE – MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS
1. Economics deals primarily with the concept of
a. scarcity.
b. poverty.
c. change.
d. power.
ANS: A
2. In most societies, resources are allocated by
a. a single central planner.
b. a small number of central planners.
c. those firms that use resources to provide goods and services.
d. the combined actions of millions of households and firms.
ANS: D
3. A typical society strives to get the most it can from its scarce resources. At the same time, the society attempts to distribute the benefits of those resources to the members of the society in a fair manner. In other words, the society faces a tradeoff between
a. guns and butter.
b. efficiency and equity.
c. inflation and unemployment.
d. work and leisure.
ANS: B
4. Which of the following statements are not the concerns of macroeconomics?
a. Along with other economies, Vietnam has faced a sharp rise in CPI in the early year 2007
b. A firm will invest in a machine if the expected rate of return is sufficiently high
c. A worker who has received a pay rise is likely to buy more luxury goods
d. Both b) and c) (d)
5. The opportunity cost of going to master program is
a. the total spent on food, clothing, books, transportation, tuition, lodging, and other expenses.
b. the value of the best opportunity a student gives up to attend master program.
c. zero for students who are fortunate enough to have all of their master program expenses paid by someone else.
d. zero, since a mater education will allow a student to earn a larger income after graduation.
ANS: B
6. In the former Soviet Union, producers were paid for meeting output targets, not for selling products. Under those circumstances, what were the economic incentives for producers?
a. to produce good quality products so that society would benefit from the resources used
b. to conserve on costs, so as to maintain efficiency in the economy
c. to produce enough to meet the output target, without regard for quality or cost
d. to produce those products that society desires most
ANS: C
7. The decisions of firms and households are guided by prices and self-interest in a
a. command economy.
b. centrally-planned economy.
c. market economy.
d. All of the above are correct.
ANS: C
8. Suppose that the average income of a Kenyan is higher than the average income of a South African. You might conclude that
a. South African firms are faced with stricter government regulations than Kenyan firms.
b. total income is divided among fewer workers in Kenya since it has a smaller labor force than South Africa.
c. Kenya's climate allows for longer growing seasons and therefore Kenya can produce large quantities of grain and other crops.
d. Productivity in Kenya is higher than in South Africa.
ANS: D
9. For an economist, the idea of making assumptions is regarded generally as a
a. bad idea, since doing so leads to the omission of important ideas and variables from economic models.
b. bad idea, since doing so invariably leads to data-collection problems.
c. good idea, since doing so helps to simplify the complex world and make it easier to understand.
d. good idea, since economic analysis without assumptions leads to complicated results that the general public finds hard to understand.
ANS: C
10. Any point on a country's production possibilities frontier represents a combination of two goods that an economy
a. will never be able to produce.
b. can produce using all available resources and technology.
c. can produce using some portion, but not all, of its resources and technology.
d. may be able to produce in the future with more resources and/or superior technology.
ANS: B
11. Refer to Figure 1. The graph shown is known as a
a. time series.
b. bar graph.
c. scatter plot.
d. pie chart.
ANS: C
12. Refer to Figure 1. Cups of coffee per day and the hours that someone can go without sleep appear to have
a. a positive correlation.
b. a negative correlation.
c. a random correlation.
d. no correlation.
ANS: A
13. Refer to Table 1. Montana has an absolute advantage in
a. birdhouses and Missouri has an absolute advantage in baskets.
b. baskets and Missouri has an absolute advantage in birdhouses.
c. neither good and Missouri has an absolute advantage in both goods.
d. both goods and Missouri has an absolute advantage in neither good.
ANS: C
14. Refer to Table 1. Montana has a comparative advantage in
a. baskets and Missouri has a comparative advantage in birdhouses.
b. birdhouses and Missouri has a comparative advantage in baskets.
c. neither good and Missouri has a comparative advantage in both goods.
d. both goods and Missouri has a comparative advantage in neither good.
ANS: B
15. A demand schedule is a table showing the relationship between
a. quantity demanded and quantity supplied, and those quantities are usually positively related.
b. quantity demanded and quantity supplied, and those quantities are usually negatively related.
c. price and quantity demanded, and those quantities are usually positively related.
d. price and quantity demanded, and those quantities are usually negatively related.
ANS: D
16. Gross domestic product serves as a measure of two things:
a. the total spending of everyone in the economy and the total saving of everyone in the economy.
b. the total income of everyone in the economy and the total expenditure on the nation's output of goods and services. (b)
c. the value of the nation's output of goods and services for domestic citizens and the value of the nation's output of goods and services for the rest of the world.
d. the nation's saving and the nation's investment.
17. Today's demand curve for gasoline could shift in response to
a. a change in today's price of gasoline.
b. a change in the expected future price of gasoline.
c. a change in the number of sellers of gasoline.
d. All of the above are correct.
ANS: B
18. If goods A and B are complements, then an increase in the price of good A will result in
a. more of good A being sold.
b. more of good B being sold.
c. less of good B being sold.
d. no difference in the quantity sold of either good.
ANS: C
19. The current price of neckties is $30 and the equilibrium price of neckties is $25. As a result,
a. the quantity supplied of neckties exceeds the quantity demanded of neckties at the $30 price.
b. the equilibrium quantity of neckties exceeds the quantity demanded at the $30 price.
c. There is a surplus of neckties at the $30 price.
d. All of the above are correct.
ANS: D
20. If the price elasticity of demand for tuna is 0.7, then a 1.5% increase in the price of tuna will decrease the quantity demanded of tuna by
a. 1.05% and tuna sellers' total revenue will increase as a result.
b. 1.05% and tuna sellers' total revenue will decrease as a result.
c. 2.14% and tuna sellers' total revenue will increase as a result.
d. 2.14% and tuna sellers' total revenue will decrease as a result.
ANS: A
21. The term price takers refers to buyers and sellers in
a. perfectly competitive markets. (a)
b. monopolies.
c. markets that are regulated by government.
d. markets in which buyers cannot buy all they want and/or sellers cannot sell all they want.
22. Average total cost is very high when a small amount of output is produced because
a. average variable cost is high.
b. average fixed cost is high.
c. marginal cost is high.
d. marginal product is high.
ANS: B
23. For a large firm that produces and sells automobiles, which of the following costs would be a variable cost?
a. The $20 million payment that the firm pays each year for accounting services
b. The cost of the steel that is used in producing automobiles
c. The rent that the firm pays for office space in a suburb of St. Louis
d. All of the above are correct.
ANS: B
24. Which of the following expressions is correct?
a. marginal cost = (change in quantity of output)/(change in total cost)
b. average total cost = total cost/quantity of output
c. total cost = variable cost + marginal cost
d. average variable cost = quantity of output/total variable cost
ANS: B
25. Disposable personal income is the income that
a. households have left after paying taxes and non-tax payments to the government.
b. businesses have left after paying taxes and non-tax payments to the government.
c. households and noncorporate businesses have left after paying taxes and non-tax payments to the government. (c)
d. households and businesses have left after paying taxes and non-tax payments to the government.
26. When total revenue is less than variable costs, a firm in a competitive market will
a. continue to operate as long as average revenue exceeds marginal cost.
b. continue to operate as long as average revenue exceeds average fixed cost.
c. shut down.
d. raise its price.
ANS: C
27. Which of the following statements is correct?
a. A competitive firm is a price maker and a monopoly is a price taker.
b. A competitive firm is a price taker and a monopoly is a price maker.
c. Both competitive firms and monopolies are price takers.
d. Both competitive firms and monopolies are price makers.
ANS: B
28. A utility-maximizing consumer chooses a point at a tangent between his budget line and an indifference curve because
a. This is the highest indifference curve that can be attained
b. At any point to the left of the budget line some income would be unused
c. All combination of goods that lie to the right of his budget line are unreachable
d. All above are correct (d)
29 A family on a trip budgets $800 for meals and gasoline. If the price of a meal for the family is $50, how many meals can the family buy if they do not buy any gasoline?
a. 8
b. 16
c. 24
d. 32
ANS: B
30. Refer to Table 2. Nominal GDP for 2006 is
a. $900.
b. $1,100.
c. $1,250.
d. $1,350.
ANS: B
31. Refer to Table 2. Nominal GDP is
a. $680 for 2005, $880 for 2006, and $1,200 for 2007.
b. $760 for 2005, $880 for 2006, and $1,000 for 2007.
c. $760 for 2005, $1,100 for 2006, and $1,600 for 2007.
d. $960 for 2005, $1,280 for 2006, and $1,300 for 2007.
ANS: C
32. The following table illustrates the domestic expenditure and national income of an economy during three hypothetical years. Identify in which year the trade balance is in surplus?
a. Year 1
b. Year 2
c. Year 3 (c)
d. Year 1 and year 3
33. If there is a trade surplus then
a. saving is greater than domestic investment and Y > C + I + G.
b. saving is greater than domestic investment and Y < C + I + G.
c. saving is less than domestic investment and Y > C +I + G.
d. saving is less than domestic investment and Y < C + I + G.
ANS: A
34. Who would be included in the labor force?
a. Dakota, an unpaid homemaker not looking for other work
b. Brad, a full-time student not looking for work
c. Maggie, who does not have a job, but is looking for work
d. None of the above is included in the labor force.
ANS: C
35. What basket of goods is used to construct the CPI?
a. a random sample of all goods and services produced in the economy
b. the goods and services that are typically bought by consumers as determined by government surveys (b)
c. only food, clothing, transportation, entertainment, and education
